The role of ethnicity in care of elderly Finnish immigrants

............................................................................................................................... ORIGINAL PAPERS................................................................................................................. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1 BACKGROUND....................................................................................................................... 1 Finns in Sweden .................................................................................................................... 1 Elderly Finns in Sweden ...................................................................................................... 1 THEORETICAL FRAME ...................................................................................................... 4 Culture, ethnicity and ethnic identity................................................................................. 4 Immigration and ethnic identity ......................................................................................... 6 To grow old in a second homeland ..................................................................................... 7 Care for immigrants and minorities................................................................................... 9 Care for older people from different ethnic groups........................................................ 11 Finns as an ethnic group .................................................................................................... 12 THE RATIONALE OF THE THESIS................................................................................. 13 AIMS OF THE THESIS ........................................................................................................ 14 METHODOLOGICAL FRAME .......................................................................................... 15 Participants ......................................................................................................................... 15 Data collection procedures ................................................................................................ 15 Recruiting the participants ............................................................................................... 15 Data collection methods ..................................................................................................... 17 Qualitative interviews ...................................................................................................... 17 Questionnaire ................................................................................................................... 17 Ethnographic study design ............................................................................................... 18 Data analysis methods........................................................................................................ 19 Hermeneutical analysis .................................................................................................... 19 Ethnographic analysis process ......................................................................................... 20 Latent qualitative content analysis ................................................................................... 21 Statistical analysis ............................................................................................................ 22 Methodological considerations.......................................................................................... 22 The qualitative studies (I-II and IV)................................................................................. 22 The quantitative study (III) .............................................................................................. 27 Ethical considerations ........................................................................................................ 28 RESULTS................................................................................................................................ 29 Experiences and perceptions of health care..................................................................... 29 Wishes, expectations and experiences of elderly care ..................................................... 30 The role of ethnic identity.................................................................................................. 31 The role of the mother language and a shared language with care providers ............. 32 The role of the place ........................................................................................................... 33 REFLECTIONS ..................................................................................................................... 34 At-homeness ........................................................................................................................ 34 Being related .................................................................................................................... 34 Being connected ............................................................................................................... 35 Being present.................................................................................................................... 36 Concluding remarks........................................................................................................... 38 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 42 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................... 55 POPULÄRVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNING ...................................................... 57 PAPERS I-IV .......................................................................................................................... 60